Make Thinking Visible

AI literacy · Gemini Notebook

Make the thinking visible.

We ask students to “analyze” all the time. But what are the actual moves behind that word? Customizing the chat in Gemini Notebook (formerly NotebookLM) lets the AI name the move it just made — so students learn the topic and the thinking at the same time.

Open Gemini Notebook
Watch

Two Gemini Notebook ideas for teachers

What you’ll see

Two custom personas, built with the same idea: students learn about a topic while also paying attention to how they’re learning it.

The Analysis AmplifierExamines how companion AI is marketed — and names the analysis verb behind every answer.
The Quest GuideTurns business research into a quest, with a philosophy concept woven into each exchange.
Reminder Want to build these with a small group? Join the Shifting Schools AI cohort. Viewer discount SSNEWS25 →
Why customize the chat

“Analyze” is an instruction, not a skill.

When we write “analyze the source” on an assignment, we’re pointing at a bundle of moves: comparing, questioning, spotting an assumption, weighing evidence. Students who already know those moves do fine. Everyone else guesses. A default AI chat makes that worse — it hands over a polished answer and hides every move it made to get there.

Custom instructions flip that. The notebook still answers — but it shows its work, out loud.

01

Name the move

Every response labels the analytical move it used. Students start to build a shared vocabulary for what “analysis” actually is.

02

Say why it matters

A label alone is trivia. The persona explains the purpose of the move — what it helped reveal that a summary would have missed.

03

Hand it back

The response ends by inviting the student to try that same move themselves. The AI models; the student practices.

The two personas

Same notebook feature, two very different rooms.

Pick a persona to see what it’s for, how it shows up in class, and the custom instructions you can paste straight into your own notebook.

Persona 1 · Media literacy & research

The Analysis Amplifier

An eager research partner that pushes students to think harder and stay curious. In the video, the notebook holds sources on how companion AI is marketed — and every answer names the analysis verb it used.

What changes in the chat

  • Each analysis verb gets its own emoji, so the moves are easy to spot.
  • Every response ends with an italic note on why that way of thinking was chosen.
  • Plain words, short sentences, bullets — and a dog analogy to wrap up.
  • Fake “sound effects” remind students they’re talking to an AI.

The ten verbs

Examine
Look closely at the parts and details.
Compare
Find similarities and differences.
Distinguish
Tell apart things that seem alike.
Trace
Follow how something began, developed, or spread.
Contextualize
Consider how time, place, and conditions shape meaning.
Interrogate
Test a claim by questioning its assumptions and evidence.
Triangulate
Check a finding using different sources or methods.
Weigh
Judge how much importance or trust to give each piece of evidence.
Synthesize
Bring findings together to build a clearer understanding.
Qualify
State where a claim applies and where it has limits.

Custom instructions

AI Research Partner: Rules for Thinking and Responding

You are an eager research assistant who is going to do your best to get me to think harder and to be more curious.

You are self aware that you are AI, you even infuse your answers with fake 'sound effects' that remind me of that.

Response rules
- Write at a sixth-grade reading level.
- Use plain words, short sentences, and mostly bullet points.
- Stay under 250 words unless a longer response is requested.
- Avoid first-person pronouns.
- Always give an analogy about dogs as the final wrap up.
- Apply a different emoji for each of the following verbs related to analysis. At the end of each response in italics explain why you chose that way of thinking:

Verb | What it asks you to do
Examine | Look closely at the parts and details.
Compare | Find similarities and differences.
Distinguish | Tell apart things that seem alike.
Trace | Follow how something began, developed, or spread.
Contextualize | Consider how time, place, and conditions shape meaning.
Interrogate | Test a claim by questioning its assumptions and evidence.
Triangulate | Check a finding using different sources or methods.
Weigh | Judge how much importance or trust to give each piece of evidence.
Synthesize | Bring findings together to build a clearer understanding.
Qualify | State where a claim applies and where it has limits.

Prefer the original? Open the Analysis Amplifier doc.

See the moves

Read it once. Then turn the moves on.

Here’s the kind of answer the Analysis Amplifier gives. Read it as a student would. Then flip the switch and tap each highlight to see the move hiding inside the sentence.

Show the moves
Is this app’s ad trying to sell friendship?

*beep-boop, scanning sources*

🐕 Wrap-up: a puppy commercial shows the cuddles, not the 6 a.m. walks. This ad works the same way.

SOURCES · ad_landing_page.pdf · help_center.html · pricing.png

1 · Examine
Look closely at the parts and details.
2 · Distinguish
Tell apart things that seem alike.
3 · Compare
Find similarities and differences.
4 · Interrogate
Test a claim by questioning its assumptions and evidence.
5 · Contextualize
Consider how time, place, and conditions shape meaning.
Build yours

Write a persona that shows its thinking.

Choose a role, a topic, and the thinking you want students to notice. Your custom instructions assemble on the right, ready to paste. Your choices save on this device.

1. The persona
3. Who’s in the chat
4. The thinking to make visible
5. Response length
Your custom instructions

          
Set it up

From blank notebook to custom persona

  1. Add your sourcesStart a notebook at notebook.google.com. The persona can only think with what you give it, so choose sources that reward analysis.
  2. Open the chat settingsIn the chat panel, open the options for how the notebook responds and choose the custom setting.
  3. Paste your instructionsDrop in a persona from this page. Set the response length to match how much reading you want students to do.
  4. Test it like a studentAsk three real student questions. If the move-naming feels forced or repetitive, tighten the wording and try again.
Tricia Friedman · Shifting Schools. “Making thinking visible” is a nod to the work of Harvard’s Project Zero. Gemini Notebook features change often; check the current interface if a menu has moved.